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Old chemists never die, they reach equilibrium.
NMR Solvent Peaks
|
Solvent |
1H Chemical Shift ppm |
13C Chemical Shift ppm |
1H Chemical Shift of DOH |
| Acetic acid | 11.65 (OH), 2.04 (CHD2) | 178.99 (CO), 20.0 (CD3) | 11.5 |
| Acetone | 2.05 (CHD2) | 206.68 (CO), 29.92 (CD3) | 2.8 |
| Acetonitrile | 1.94 (CHD2) | 118.69 (CN), 1.39 (CD3) | 2.1 |
| Chloroform | 7.27 (CHCl3) | 77.23 (CDCl3) | 1.5 |
| DMSO | 2.50 (CHD2) | 39.51 (CD3) | 3.3 |
| Methanol | 4.87 (OH), 3.31 (CHD2) | 49.15 (CD3) | 4.9 |
| Methylene chloride | 5.32 (CHD) | 54.00 (CD2) | 1.5 |
| Water | 4.80 | 4.8 |
Acronyms and Abbreviations in Organic Chemistry
| Ac
Acetyl acac Acetylacetonyl AD Asymmetric Dihyroxylation ADDP AIBN 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile Ar aryl
|
BBEDA
N,N'-bis(benzylidene)ethylenediamine 9-BBN 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane BINAL-H 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'- binaphthylaluminium hydride BINAP 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)- binaphthyl Bn benzyl Boc t-Butoxycarbonyl BOM benzyloxymethyl BOP benzotriazole-1-loxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate Bz benzoyl |
| CA
chloroacetyl CAN cerium ammonium nitrate Cbz benzyloxycarbonyl CDI carbonyldiimidazole CoA coenzyme A COD 1,5-cyclooctadiene Cp cyclopentadienyl CSA 10-camphorsulfonic acid Cy cyclohexyl (Cy-Hex) EDCI (EDC) 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride ee enantiomeric excess EE 1-ethoxyethyl Et-DuPHOS 1,2-bis(2',5'-diethylphospholano)ethane FDPP pentafluorophenyl diphenylphosphinate Fmoc 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl FPP farnesyl pyrophosphate HATU O-(7-azabenzotriazole-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate HBTU O-benzotriazole-1-yl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate HMPA hexamethylphosphoramide HOAt 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole HOBt 1-hydroybenzotriazole HMG hydroxymethylgutaryl IBX o-iodoxybenzoic acid Im (imid) imidazole IND indoline Ipc isopinocampheyl KHMDS potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide LHMDS litium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide LAH lithium aluminium hydride LDA lithium diisopropylamide LTA lead tetraeacetate |
DABA
1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane DAST diethylaminosulfur trifluoride dba trans, trans-dibenzylideneacetone DBN 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene DBS 5-dibenzosuberyl DBU 1.8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene DCBI N,N'-dicyclohexyl-O-benzylisourea DCC 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide DDQ 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-benzoquinone de diasteromeric excess DEAD diethyl azodicarboxylate DEIPS diethylisopropylsilyl DET diethyl tartrate DHP 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran DHQ dihydroquinine DIAD diisopropyl azodicarboxylate DIBAL diisobutylaluminium hydride DIPT diisopropyl tartrate DMA N,N-dimethylacetamide DMAP dimethylaminopyridine DME ethylene glycol dimethyl ether DMF N,N-dimethylformamide DMS dimethyl sulfide DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide DPC dipyridine chromium (VI) oxide dppb 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)butane dppf 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)ferrocene |
|
mCPBA meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid MEM 2-methoxyethoxymethyl MOM methoxymethyl Ms methanesulfonyl NAHMDS sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide NBP N-bromophthalimide NBS N-bromosuccinimide NCS N-chlorosuccinimide NIS N-iodosuccinimide NMM N-methylmorpholine NMO N-methylmorpholine N-oxide NMP 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone |
PCC
pyridinium chlorochromate PDC pyridinium dichromate PG prostaglandin PHAL phthalazine Phth phthalimido Piv pivaloyl PMB p-methoxybenzyl PPA polyphosphoric acid PPE polyphosphoric ester PyAOP 7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl-N-oxy-tris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate PyBOP Benzotriazol-1-yl-N-oxy-tris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate |
| Ra-Ni
Raney nickel Red-Al sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride SEM 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl Sia siamyl TBAF tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride TBAI tetra-n-butylammonium iodide TBS tert-butyldimethylsilyl TEG triethylene glycol TEOC 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl TES triethylsilyl Tf trifluoromethanesulfonyl |
TFA
trifluoroacetic acid TFAA trifluoroacetic acid anhydride THP tetrahydropyranyl TIPS triisopropyylsilyl TMEDA N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine TMS tetramethylsilyl Tol toluene TPAP tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate TPS triphenylsilyl trityl (Tr) triphenylmethyl Ts p-toluenesulfonyl WSC-HCl 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamoniopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride |
Salt-Ice Cooling and Low-Temperature Baths
| Salt-Ice Cooling Mixture | |||
|
Substance NH4Cl in H2O NH4Cl in Ice KCl in Ice NaCl in Ice MgCl2 in Ice CaCl2X6H2O in Ice CaCl2X6H2O in Ice |
Initial Temperature (oC) 13 -1 0 0 0 0 0 |
g/100g in H2O 30 25 30 33 85 123 143 |
Final temperature (oC) -5 -15 -10 -20 -35 -40 -55 |
| Low-Temperature Baths | |
| Ethylene Glycol/CO2(dry ice)
-15oC Chloroform/CO2(dry ice) -60oC Acetone/CO2(dry ice) -77oC Hexane/N2(lquid) -94oC Isooctane or Ethyl Iodide/N2(lquid) -107oC n-Pentane/N2(lquid) -131oC |
Acetonitrile/N2(lquid)
-40oC Ethanol/CO2(dry ice) -70oC Ethyl Acetate/N2(lquid) -84oC Diethyl Ether/CO2(dry ice) -78oC Acetaldehyde/N2(lquid) -124oC 1,5-Hexadiene/N2(lquid) -141oC i-Pentane/N2(lquid) -160oC |
Reaction driving force. At school, one of the most common questions from my supervisor was " what is the driving force?". Here I listed some very common "driving force" of reaction.
A: The formation of aromatic system or highly conjugated system is an important driving force for most heterocycle ring formation.
B: Formation of very strong bonds is always a very good driving force. For example, Si-F bond and O=P bond are very strong bonds. The strength of Al-O bond is greater than Al-N bond.
C: The SP2 carbon anion of is more stable than SP3 carbon anion to explain the Li-Halogen exchange speed difference in different carbons.
Finagle's eight rule: Teamwork is essential. It allows you to blame someone else.
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